Background This product-specific plant-specific declaration was created by collecting production data from the KWS facility in Deer Park, WA. Secondary data sources include those available in ecoinvent v3.10, Industry data 2.0, and US-EI 2.2 databases.

Allocation The PCR prescribes where and how allocation occurs. Since only facility-level data were available, inputs and outputs were allocated across the five cladding support system types produced at the site. Resource consumption, including electricity and ancillary materials, was assigned based on each system’s share of total annual linear foot production. For the MFI® system, which includes two distinct components—rails and brackets—a second allocation step was applied. The electricity allocated to the MFI® system was further divided between the rails and brackets based on their respective annual in-house production mass. This approach ensured that energy use reflected differences in component weight and production volume.

This two-step allocation approach ensures an equitable and representative distribution of manufacturing resource consumption across all products and subcomponents. Additionally, no recycled materials are used in the product system, and there were no co-products manufactured.

Cut-off criteria for including mass and energy flows are set at 1% of renewable primary energy use, 1% of nonrenewable primary energy use, 1% of the total mass input for a unit process, and 1% of environmental impacts. The total of excluded input flows per module shall not exceed 5% for energy, mass, or environmental impacts. An exception is made for substances with hazardous or toxic properties, which must be reported even if they fall below the 1% mass threshold. No known mass or energy flows have been deliberately excluded from this declaration, confirming that the criteria have been met. Biogenic carbon is included in the reported results.

Quality

Inventory data quality is judged by its precision (measured, calculated, or estimated), completeness (e.g., unreported emissions), consistency (degree of uniformity of the methodology applied on a study serving as a data source), and representativeness (geographical, temporal, and technological).

To cover these requirements and to ensure reliable results, first-hand industry data in combination with consistent background LCA information from SimaPro Developer 9.6, and Ecoinvent v3.10, Industry data 2.0, and US-EI 2.2 databases were used.

Sustainable Minds worked with Knight Wall Systems to obtain a comprehensive set of primary data associated with the manufacturing processes. The product system was checked for mass balance and completeness of the inventory. The data set was considered complete based on our understanding of the manufacturing site and a review with key stakeholders on the KWS team, and cut-off criteria were observed consistent with those prescribed in the PCR. Capital equipment was excluded as required by the PCR. Otherwise, no data was knowingly omitted. Where country-specific data were unavailable, global or rest-of-world averages were used as proxies to represent transportation in those locations. Additionally, no proxy data were used to represent materials and therefore did not have a significant impact of the results.

Primary data were collected with a similar level of detail, while background data were sourced primarily from the ecoinvent database, and other databases were used if data were not available in ecoinvent or the data set was judged to be more representative. Other methodological choices were made consistently throughout the model.

Major system boundary exclusions:

• Construction of major capital equipment
• Manufacturing, maintenance, and operation of support equipment
• Human labor and employee transport
• Manufacture and transport of packaging materials not associated with the final product
• Disposal of packaging materials not associated with the final product
• Building operational energy and water use