EPD additional content

EPD additional content WASHLET® S7

LCA results & interpretation EPD additional content Material health

Data

Background This product-specific plant-specific declaration was created by collecting production data from the Malaysia location. All unit processes were modeled using primary data. Secondary data sources include those available in ecoinvent and Industry data 2.0 databases. Literature data was used to fill any data gaps to complete the inventory.

Allocation Since annual resources were reported for the dedicated WASHLET production line and there are no other co-products, no co-product allocation or allocation of multi-input processes were required. No allocation situation occurred requiring the allocation of product inputs and outputs. The model used in this report ensures that the sum of the allocated inputs and outputs of a unit process shall be equal to the inputs and outputs of the unit process before allocation. This means that no double counting or omissions of inputs or outputs through allocation is occurring.

Cut-off criteria for the inclusion of mass and energy flows are 1% of renewable primary resource (energy) usage, 1% nonrenewable primary resource (energy) usage, 1% of the total mass input of that unit process, and 1% of environmental impacts. The total of neglected input flows per module does not exceed 5% of energy usage, mass, and environmental impacts. The only exceptions to these criteria are substances with hazardous and toxic properties, which must be listed even when the given process unit is under the cut-off criterion of 1% of the total mass. No known flows are deliberately excluded from this declaration, and no substances considered to be hazardous or toxic according to the TRI or local regulations are present in the products. Therefore, these criteria have been met. Biogenic carbon is included in reported results.

Data sets contributing 5% or more to any environmental impact category

Data set name	Database name and version	Software type and version	Geography	Allocation method
Electricity mix 2021	US-EI 2.2	SimaPro Analyst 9.6	United States	By mass
Treatment, sewage, from residence, to wastewater treatment, class 2	US-EI 2.2	SimaPro Analyst 9.6	United States	By mass
Printed wiring board, surface mounted, unspecified, Pb free {GLO}\| printed wiring board production, surface mounted, unspecified, Pb free	ecoinvent v3.10	SimaPro Analyst 9.6	Global	By mass

Major system boundary exclusions

Construction of major capital equipment
Construction of water and wastewater infrastructure
Maintenance and operation of support equipment
Human labor and employee transport
Manufacture and transport of packaging not associated w/ final product
Energy consumption in warehouses, distribution centers, and retail facilities during the course of transport to the final customer

Flow diagram

Scenarios and additional technical information

Distribution [A4]

Transportation leg	Mode	Value	Unit
Manufacturing facility (Malaysia) to GA, USA	Road transport in Malaysia	105.8	km
	Sea transport	30,340	km
	Rail transport from port to GA, USA	2,191	km
Transport to final users	Road transport (83%)	1,421	km
Transport to final users	Rail transport (17%)	2,042	km

Installation [A5]

Packaging waste from installation is assumed to be transported 100km to recycling (80.9%), landfill (15.4%), or incineration (3.7%).

End of life [C1-C4]

The model reflects the assumptions that electronic bidet seats are 100% landfilled. The product is assumed to be transported 100 km via truck to final disposal.

However, it should be noted that many of the associated metal and plastic components follow the waste scenarios as listed in the table below. TOTO ceramic materials can be recycled as aggregate in several applications, although this is not currently common practice. Secondary materials, including shredded and sorted metal waste, are valuable goods that lose their status as waste after the sorting process. No additional waste processing is needed in that case, and no credits for material recovery are given.

Material	Potential waste scenario - Recycling	Potential waste scenario - Landfill
Copper, stainless steel, aluminum	70.50%	29.50%
Corrugated board, paper	66.50%	33.50%
PP, ABS, PPS, LDPE, POM, nylon, PET, silicone	15.00%	85.00%

Product information

Product code	ASTM or ANSI product specification
SW4726, SW4726(AT40), SW4724, SW4724(AT40), SW4725, SW4736, SW4736(AT40), SW4734, SW4734(AT40), SW4735	Meets and exceeds: ASME A112.4.2, ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1, UL 1431, CSA C22.2#68 Code compliance with UPC, IPC, NSPC, NPC Canada, and others.

Major assumptions and limitations

Assumptions for upstream processing operations regarding each purchased component were developed via suggestions from TOTO personnel and suppliers.
It was assumed that the same manufacturing resources were consumed for the assembly of washlets (for all models) in all TOTO facilities.
Generic data sets used for material inputs, transportation, and waste processing are considered good quality, but actual impacts from material suppliers, transport carriers, and local waste processing may vary.

Data quality assessment

Precision: The precision of the data is considered high. Product engineers provided detailed bills of materials, and facility managers provided utility information for the manufacturing facilities. The raw material transportation distances were calculated based on the raw material manufacturers’ addresses, extracted from the relevant SDSs. Proxy datasets were utilized in the LCA model when secondary data were not available, as shown in Appendix A in the published LCA background report.

Completeness: The data included is considered complete. The LCA model included all known material and energy flows. As pointed out in that section, no known flows above 1% were excluded and the sum of all excluded flows totals less than 5%, whether evaluated by mass, energy, or potential environmental impact.

Consistency: The consistency of the model is considered high. The bills of materials provided by the product engineers were developed for multiple internal departments use and are maintained regularly. The LCA practitioner also cross-referenced the installation documents and other relevant information to ensure consistency. Furthermore, modeling assumptions were consistent across the model, with preference given towards SimaPro data, where available.

LCIA results, resource use, output and waste flows, and carbon emissions & removals per functional unit

Parameter

A1-A3

B1, B5

C1, C3

Total

LCIA results

Smog (kg O3 eq)

1.24E+01

1.94E+01

2.78E-02

7.67E-01

1.69E+00

1.28E+02

5.14E+01

1.74E+00

1.08E-01

1.11E-02

2.15E+02

Ozone depletion (kg CFC-11 eq)

1.55E-05

5.15E-06

3.31E-08

2.67E-07

2.00E-06

8.34E-05

6.44E-05

1.87E-06

1.33E-07

7.65E-09

1.73E-04

Eutrophication (kg N eq)

2.82E-01

4.41E-02

5.20E-04

2.72E-02

2.01E-02

1.32E+00

4.97E-01

1.18E+00

3.76E-04

3.49E-03

3.38E+00

Acidification (kg SO2 eq)

1.05E+00

8.95E-01

9.83E-04

2.81E-02

1.35E-01

7.80E+00

6.10E+00

1.99E-01

3.67E-03

5.74E-04

1.62E+01

Respiratory effects (kg PM2.5 eq)

2.01E-01

5.42E-02

1.11E-04

4.81E-03

2.44E-02

1.02E+00

3.58E-01

1.03E-02

4.28E-04

5.88E-05

1.68E+00

Global warming (kg CO2 eq)

1.59E+02

5.73E+01

5.05E-01

3.48E+00

3.27E+01

8.75E+02

1.55E+03

3.19E+01

6.64E-01

1.65E+00

2.71E+03

Additional environmental information

Fossil fuel depletion (MJ surplus)

1.65E+02

1.06E+02

3.21E-01

2.91E+00

7.51E+01

1.09E+03

1.98E+03

3.67E+01

1.28E+00

1.07E-01

3.47E+03

Ecotoxicity (CTUe)

4.40E+02

3.10E+01

5.87E-02

7.49E+01

2.78E+01

1.89E+03

1.16E+02

1.50E+02

8.55E-02

5.37E-01

2.73E+03

Carcinogenics (CTUh)

2.83E-06

2.85E-08

4.19E-10

2.64E-07

1.67E-07

1.14E-05

2.95E-06

3.14E-06

1.90E-10

3.24E-09

2.08E-05

Non carcinogenics (CTUh)

5.92E-05

2.21E-06

1.05E-08

3.33E-06

2.94E-06

2.46E-04

4.81E-05

6.39E-05

3.17E-08

1.97E-08

4.26E-04

Resource use indicators

Renewable primary energy used as energy carrier (fuel) (MJ, LHV)

2.29E+02

1.30E+00

7.28E-03

7.02E+01

2.54E+01

9.23E+02

2.32E+03

5.18E+01

1.44E-02

3.71E-02

3.62E+03

Renewable primary resources with energy content used as material (MJ, LHV)

1.00E+01

0.00E+00

4.01E+01

0.00E+00

5.02E+01

Total use of renewable primary resources with energy content (MJ, LHV)

2.39E+02

1.30E+00

7.28E-03

7.02E+01

2.54E+01

9.63E+02

2.32E+03

5.18E+01

1.44E-02

3.71E-02

3.67E+03

Non-renewable primary resources used as an energy carrier (fuel) (MJ, LHV)

2.06E+03

7.46E+02

2.27E+00

3.29E+01

4.76E+02

1.13E+04

2.78E+04

5.09E+02

8.96E+00

9.66E-01

4.30E+04

Non-renewable primary resources with energy content used as material (MJ, LHV)

1.25E+02

0.00E+00

1.15E+00

1.82E+02

4.99E+02

0.00E+00

8.07E+02

Total use of non-renewable primary resources with energy content (MJ, LHV)

2.19E+03

7.46E+02

2.27E+00

3.40E+01

6.58E+02

1.18E+04

2.78E+04

5.09E+02

8.96E+00

9.66E-01

4.38E+04

Secondary materials (kg)

0.00E+00

Renewable secondary fuels (MJ, LHV)

0.00E+00

Non-renewable secondary fuels (MJ, LHV)

0.00E+00

Recovered energy (MJ, LHV)

0.00E+00

Use of net fresh water resources (m3)

1.01E+03

3.51E+00

5.38E-04

1.50E+01

1.10E+02

4.06E+03

3.33E+01

4.62E+01

1.51E-03

6.47E-04

5.28E+03

Abiotic depletion potential, fossil (MJ, LHV)

1.93E+03

7.43E+02

2.24E+00

2.89E+01

6.31E+02

1.07E+04

1.92E+04

3.53E+02

8.91E+00

8.32E-01

3.37E+04

Output flows and waste category indicators

Hazardous waste disposed (kg)

7.87E-04

0.00E+00

3.15E-03

0.00E+00

3.94E-03

Non-hazardous waste disposed (kg)

8.78E-05

0.00E+00

2.60E-01

2.99E-01

5.58E+00

2.22E+01

0.00E+00

5.28E+00

3.36E+01

High-level radioactive waste, conditioned, to final repository (kg)

1.29E-01

3.93E-05

1.12E-06

9.44E-04

1.11E-02

5.17E-01

3.51E-01

6.39E-03

2.21E-06

5.49E-06

1.02E+00

Intermediate- and low-level radioactive waste, conditioned, to final repository (kg)

7.52E-02

4.01E-05

3.67E-06

4.97E-04

7.16E-03

3.01E-01

1.18E+00

2.14E-02

7.29E-06

1.83E-05

1.58E+00

Components for re-use (kg)

0.00E+00

Materials for recycling (kg)

0.00E+00

9.71E-01

0.00E+00

3.89E+00

0.00E+00

4.86E+00

Materials for energy recovery (kg)

0.00E+00

6.35E-02

0.00E+00

2.54E-01

0.00E+00

3.17E-01

Exported energy (MJ, LHV)

0.00E+00

1.87E-01

0.00E+00

7.47E-01

0.00E+00

9.33E-01

Carbon emissions and removals

Biogenic Carbon Removal from Product (kg CO2)

0.00E+00

Biogenic Carbon Emission from Product (kg CO2)

0.00E+00

Biogenic Carbon Removal from Packaging (kg CO2)

3.47E+00

0.00E+00

1.39E+01

0.00E+00

1.74E+01

Biogenic Carbon Emission from Packaging (kg CO2)

0.00E+00

1.84E+00

0.00E+00

8.65E+00

0.00E+00

3.26E-01

1.08E+01

Biogenic Carbon Emission from Combustion of Waste from Renewable Sources Used in Production Processes (kg CO2)

0.00E+00

8.12E-02

0.00E+00

3.25E-01

0.00E+00

4.06E-01

Calcination Carbon Emissions (kg CO2)

0.00E+00

Carbonation Carbon Removals (kg CO2)

0.00E+00

Carbon Emissions from Combustion of Waste from Renewable and Non-Renewable Sources used in Production Processes (kg CO2)

0.00E+00